v       Qualifications

v      B.Sc.

·       In Agric. Rural Sociology and Agric. Extension, Faculty of Agriculture , Zagazig Univ., Egypt. General grade " Very good" , 1996 .

v      M.Sc.

·  In Agric. Science (Rural Sociology),Faculty of Agric.,Zagazig Univ.,2002,"Excellent" .

·        Title of M.Sc. Thesis : Rural Social Organizations.

·        The Examiners Committee decided that this thesis will be printed at the expense of the university and will be exchanged with other universities , and send a copy to the Ministry of Rural Development to can use its results in the work of the national program for integrated rural development "Shorok", as well as sending a copy of thesis to the Ministry of Social Affairs to can use its results in the field of civil associations.

Summary of M.Sc. thesis

This study included two chief parts: the first part contained the theoretical and review for this study, and it’s included several chapters, were: the first chapter: the organizational direction and the study of social organization, the second chapter were the theoretical directions in organization study, the third chapter: the evolution of history for the efforts of rural developing in Egypt, the fourth chapter: the social organizations and its role in the development of the Egyptian country –side , the fifth chapter : the organizational effectiveness and its measuring methods , the sixth chapter : the before –going studies , and the theoretical study hypotheses . the second part: contained the field study which included two chapters were : the seventh chapter : the  methodical procedures for the field study and the tools which used , the eighth chapter : the results of the field study and its discussion, then the references of study, and its addenda

         The objectives of this study are : -

1- Structuring imaginary model for measuring the effectiveness of both rural local units and rural community development associations at El-Sharkia Governorate.

2- Identifying the nature of the correlation relationships among some of the independent variables and the dependent variables for both the rural local units and the rural community development associations at El-Sharkia Governorate.

3- Recognizing the relationships among some of the independent variables and the dependent variables, and determining  the effects of each for these dependent variables for both the rural local units and the rural community development associations at El-Sharkia Governorate.

4- Determine the path of the relationships among the independent variables and the dependent variables for both the rural local units and the rural community development associations at El-Sharkia Governorate.

5- Determine the factors and the problems which objecting both of the rural local units and the rural community development associations from doing it’s roles in the rural development at El-Sharkia Governorate according to directors opinion, and their suggestions to overcome these problems.

       To achieve these aims, a field study was carried out in El-Sharkia Governorate on whole sample of the rural local units (82 rural local unit), and a stratified sample from rural community development associations. (100 association) have taken out of 298 rural community development associations at El-Sharkia Governorate.

Two questionnaires were designed and used in the collection of data by personal interviews, the first was applied to the directors of rural local units and the second for the directors of rural community development associations.

This study has made use of several statistic tools , descriptive and analytical measures including :  mean , range , percentage , standardized z scores , simple correlation coefficient (Pearson coefficient) , multiple linear regression, multiple correlation coefficient, multiple regression (step-wise), and the path analysis.

Based on the field study and analysis of its data, the study arrived at a number of results. 

Result has divided into two parts, as follow : -

1- Results concerning the government organization (Rural Local Units):-

1-1- The results showed that there are a positive significant correlation between each of :

-The goal attainment dimension and several independent variables, namely, the organizational behaviour, equipment potentialities, flexibility in the work, the power of decision making, the scope of location supervision, and the scope of human supervision.

-The organizational maintenance and health dimension and several independent variables, namely, equipment potentialities, the attitude towards the higher authorities decisions.

-The degree of total effectiveness and several independent variables, namely, the organizational behaviour, equipment potentialities, flexibility in the work, the power of decision making.

-While the results indicated that there was insignificant correlation relationships between each of: both the integration dimension and also the adaptation dimension and the independent variables.

1-2-The results showed the significance of the multiple linear regression relationship between each of :-

-The goal attainment dimension and each of : the experience of director in the local work variables, the functional structure variables, the internal political and direction variables, and the demographic variables, each one of them in addition to intermediate variables . The results also showed that there was insignificant multiple linear regression relationship between The goal attainment dimension and each of : the organizational control, and , the external political and direction variables, each one of them in addition to intermediate variables .

- The organizational maintenance and health dimension and each of : the experience of director in the local work variables, the functional structure variables, the organizational control, the internal political and direction variables, the external political and direction variables, and the demographic variables, each one of them in addition to intermediate variables .

-The results also indicated insignificant multiple linear regression relationship between each of:

- The adaptation dimension and the independent variables, each one of them in addition to intermediate variables.

- The integration dimension and the independent variables, each one of them in addition to intermediate variables.

1-3- The results of the path analysis through the last constrained model indicated that the independent variables doesn’t participate in determine of the ability to achieve the needs of society, and there were three variables which determined for the degree of social acceptance were: the ability to achieve the needs of society, equipment potentialities, and the attitude towards the higher authorities decisions, and there were three variables which determined for the degree of total effectiveness were : the organizational behaviour, the ability to achieve the needs of society, and human potentialities.

1-4- The most important group of problems, which inhibit the Rural Local Units to play its role in the rural development from the point view of its directors, are related to financial. .

2- Results related to the non government organization (the Rural Community Development Associations): -

2-1- The results showed that there was a positive significant correlation between each of :

- The goal attainment dimension and several independent variables, namely, the degree of population participation in activities of the association, the degree of benefits of training courses, the location potentialities, the degree of members participation in the association activities, and the experience of director in the association.

- The integration dimension and several independent variables, including: the organizational behaviour, the effective role for local leaderships, the attitude towards the higher authorities decisions, the degree of members participation in the association activities, the human potentialities, the equipment potentialities, the location potentialities, the degree of benefits of training courses, the financial potentialities, the degree of population participation in activities of the association, and the experience of director in the association.

- The ability of Association to mobilization of the necessary supplies to practice its activities dimension and several independent variables, including: the organizational behaviour, the equipment potentialities, the effective role for local leaderships, the human potentialities, the equipment potentialities, the degree of members participation in the association activities, the degree of benefits of training , the degree of population participation in activities of the association.  

- The ability of Association to employ the available supplies in performing its activities dimension and several independent variables, namely, the organizational behaviour, the effective role for local leaderships, the degree of members participation in the association activities, the degree of benefits of training courses, the human potentialities, the attitude towards the higher authority decisions, the location potentialities

- The degree of total effectiveness and several independent variables, namely, the organizational behaviour, the effective role for local leaderships, the location potentialities, the degree of benefits of training courses, the degree of members participation in the association activities, the human potentialities, the degree of population participation in activities of the association, the equipment potentialities, the attitude towards the higher authorities decisions, and the experience of director in the association. 

2-2-The results showed the significance of the multiple linear regression relationship between each of :-

- The goal attainment dimension and each of: the experience of director with the volunteer work variables, the functional structure variables, the interaction relationships variables, the external political and direction variables, and the demographic variables, each one of them in addition to intermediate variables.

- The integration dimension and each of: the experience of director with the volunteer work variables, the functional structure variables, the interaction relationships variables, the external political and direction variables, and the demographic variables, each one of them in addition to intermediate variables.

- The ability of Association to mobilization of the necessary supplies to practice its activities dimension and each of: the experience of director with the volunteer work variables, the functional structure variables, the interaction relationships variables, the external political and direction variables, and the demographic variables, each one of them in addition to intermediate variables.

-The ability of Association organization to employ the available supplies in performing its activities dimension and each of: the experience of director with the volunteer work variables, the functional structure variables, the interaction relationships variables, the external political and direction variables, and the demographic variables, each one of them in addition to intermediate variables.

2-3- The results of the path analysis through the last constrained model indicated that there were three variables which determined for the degree of achieving motivation were: the human potentialities, the organizational behaviour, and the degree of population participation in activities of the association, and there were two variables which determined for the ability to achieve the needs of society were : the degree of achieving motivation, and the experience of director in the association, , and there were four variables which determined for the degree of social acceptance were: the ability to achieve the needs of society, the attitude towards the higher authorities decisions, the degree of achieving motivation , and the financial potentialities, , and there were six variables which determined for the degree of total effectiveness were: the effective role for local leaderships, the degree of benefits of training courses, the organizational behaviour, the degree of social acceptance, the equipment potentialities, and the ability to achieve the needs of society.

2-4- The most important group of problems, which inhibit The Rural Community Development Associations to make its role in the rural development from the point view of its directors, were related to the financial constraint.

v      Ph.D.

In Agric. Science (Rural Sociology),Faculty of Agric.,Zagazig Univ.,2007,"Excellent" .

·     Title of Ph.D. Thesis : Modernization Determinants of The Rural Communities in El-Sharkia Governorate

The examiners Committee decided that this thesis will be printed at the expense of the university and will be exchanged with other universities , and send a copy to the Ministry of Local Development to can use its results in the work of the rural development programs .

Summary of Ph.D. thesis

              This  study aims at achieving the following objectives:

1- Innovating and building a reliable and a valid scale for measuring the modernization level of rural communities in El Sharkia Governorate .

2- Determining the general level of modernization in the villages regarding to : the assessment of modernization index , the studied dimensions ; the social dimension , the economic dimension, the political dimension, the cultural dimension, the environmental - health dimension and the institutional – services dimension , and their components.

3- Investigate ranking comparison among the studied villages in terms of the assessment of human development index considering the assessment of human development index and the assessment of modernization index.

4- examining the differences between the higher and the lower villages in the assessment of human development index regarding the assessment of modernization index And each of the studied dimensions for modernization.

5- Determining the relationships between the assessment of modernization index and each of major indicators , the studied dimensions for modernization .

6-Using the discriminant analysis technique to explore the modernization determinants of rural communities

  7-Identify major problems and obstacles that face the modernization process in rural communities .

To achieve these aims, a field study was carried out in El Sharkia Governorate via A purposive sample of 50 villages . A sample of 150 informants was chosen by a sociometric method to collect the data which were personally interviewed through a questionnaire .

This study has made use of several statistic tools , descriptive and analytical measures including : mean, range, standard deviation , percentage, standardized Z scores, T scores , simple correlation coefficient (Pearson coefficient), T test, Mann-Whitney test and the discriminant analysis technique.

            The study conclusions can be summarized as follows :

1- Spearman - Brown Coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha Coefficient showed that there was a high degree of reliability for the scale of modernization index which used to  measure the modernization level of rural communities .  Intrinsic validity coefficient showed that the scale of modernization index is valid to measure the modernization level of rural communities .

2- The “t” test which was used to check the scale ability to distinguish the modernization level modernization of rural communities , showed that the scale is considered  an interval scale amounting  between 14 villages as a maximum score of modernization and 14 villages as a minimum score of modernization.

3- There were positive significant correlation relationships between the assessment of modernization index and each of the institutional – services dimension , the economic dimension, the social dimension, the cultural dimension, the political dimension, the environmental - health dimension, respectively.

4- There were significant differences between the higher and the lower villages in terms of the assessment of human development index regarding to the assessment of modernization index And each of the studied dimensions ; the social dimension , the economic dimension, the political dimension, the cultural dimension, the environmental - health dimension and the institutional – services dimension .

5- The result of The discriminant analysis indicated that :

a) There were significant differences between the two groups of villages (the higher -the medium villages and the lower villages in the assessment of  modernization index)  regarding to all the discriminating variables  (the institutional – services dimension , the economic dimension, the social dimension, the cultural dimension, the political dimension, respectively) except the environmental - health dimension.

b)The discrimination variables explained about  67.1% of the discrimination between the higher -the medium villages and the lower villages in the assessment of modernization index .

c)The coefficient of Wilks’ lambda (0.328) and its significant level ( 0.000) indicated that the independent variables have successfully differentiated the two groups of villages .  

d) The Standardized Canonical Discriminant Function Coefficients indicated that the most important discriminating variables between the higher -the medium villages and the lower villages in terms of  the assessment of modernization index were : the institutional – services dimension , the economic dimension, the social dimension, the cultural dimension, the political dimension, and the environmental - health dimension , respectively.

e) Finally , the classification results for the studied villages revealed that 96% of the studied villages were correctly classified as the higher -the medium villages and the lower villages in the assessment of modernization index according to the discriminating variables.

6- The obstacles facing youth services and communities were the most effective elements in the modernization process in rural communities, organizations and services social, infrastructure, environmental, and economic dimensions were less effective obstacles.

v                Professional History  :

  Teaching assistant : Rural Sociology and Agric. Extension Branch , Faculty of Agric., Zagazig  Univ., Egypt. From 12/1/1998 to 2002.

 Assistant Lecturer :Rural Sociology and Agriculture Extension Branch, Faculty of Agric., Zagazig  Univ.,